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New Year Sprint
The New Year Sprint (formerly the Powderhall Sprint) is the name of a handicap sprint race for professional athletes that takes place each year in Scotland. The sprint is one of the original events of this type, tracing its history back to 1870.
== Origins ==
The race was originally called the Powderhall Sprint after the district of Edinburgh where it first took place.〔http://www.scotsman.com/sport/more-sport/athletics/powderhall-athletics-tradition-a-tribute-to-champion-1-3251446 "Powderhall athletics tradition a tribute to champion", Sandy Sutherland, The Scotsman, 13 April 2013.〕
The Powderhall Sprint was one of a circuit of professional handicap sprint races that prospered in the late nineteenth century in the United Kingdom.〔http://www.sportingworld.co.uk/newyearsprint/briefhistory_20.html Brief History, The New Year Sprint and Supporting Events, www.newyearsprint.com. Retrieved 13 April 2014.〕 The handicap system meant the highly rated runners ran longer distance than the less highly rated runners - the handicap being determined by previous results.〔 Those runners that had to run the full distance, the most highly rated, were running from 'scratch'. A huge amount of betting surrounded all the professional races and they were often shrouded in allegations of fraud to ensure a winner favourable to the bookmakers.
The race later moved from Powderhall to the Meadowbank Stadium in Edinburgh and then onto Musselburgh Racecourse.〔http://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2011/dec/22/powderhall-sprint-professional-running "Days of bookies, fast bucks and foot soldiers at the Powderhall Sprint", Harry Pearson, The Guardian, 22 December 2011.〕〔http://www.heraldscotland.com/sport/spl/aberdeen/powderhall-sprint-finds-new-home-at-musselburgh-but-controversy-rages-over-record-prize-sparks-fly-after-pitt-races-off-with-title-1.255622 "'Powderhall Sprint' finds new home at Musselburgh", Doug Gillon, HeraldScotland, 30 December 1999.〕 The move, in 1971, to the Meadowbank Stadium happened after the newly opened venue had hosted the 1970 Commonwealth Games. The Powderhall Stadium had hosted the Powderhall Sprint uninterrupted, including through two world wars, since 1870, apart from a brief break in 1953 and between 1958 and 1964 when various venues in Scotland hosted the race. In 1999, the race moved to Musselburgh Racecourse.〔http://www.shga.co.uk/news.php?a=341 "The Powderhall Sprint (unique event )", Shane Fenton, Scottish Highland Games Association, 29 December 2013. Retrieved 17 April 2014.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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